Anterior Uveitis
The Uvea is the highly vascular layer of the eye, involving the Iris, Ciliary body and Choroid. Anterior uveitis (AU) is the inflammation of the iris and/or ciliary body. It's usually autoimmune, but can also be due to infection, trauma, ischaemia, or malignancy. It's classified into Acute or Chronic, with Chronic AU being more granulomatous and having a less severe and longer duration of symptoms (3+ months).
It's associations include:
Acute AU – IBD, Reactive Arthritis, Ankyolysing Spondylitis
Chronic AU – Sarcoidosis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Syphilis
Presentation
Unilateral, painful red eye
Blurred vision
Ciliary flush (ring of red spreading from cornea outwards)
Floaters – Due to inflammatory cells in anterior chamber
Pupil constriction
Photophobia
O/E - Hypopyon (collection of wbc’s in anterior chamber), Posterior Synechiae (abnormal shaped pupil due to adhesions between the lens and iris)
Management
Corticosteroids – Reduces inflammation and prevent adhesions in the eye
Cycloplegic-Mydriatics (e.g. Cyclopentolate or Atropine) eye drops – Paralyses ciliary body and dilates pupil for pain relief

