Cataract

Cataract is where the lens becomes cloudy and opaque, therefore reducing visual acuity by decreasing the amount of light that enters the eye. Its risk factors include age, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes.

Congenital cataracts are screened for by checking for the red reflex during the neonatal examination.

It presents with:

• Asymmetrical, progressive, painless vision loss

• Blurred vision

• Halos around lights

• Loss of Red Reflex

• Reduced visual acuity

It's managed with surgery, in which the lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens.