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Foetal Medicine

The different types of Congenital Heart Disease are:

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Acrania:

  • 12 weeks – Absence of ossified skull

  • 16 weeks – Anencephaly

  • Lethal condition and incompatible with life within 1st week

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Anencephalus acranius - CostaPPPR (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anencefalia.jpg)

The types of Spina Bifida are:

  • Spina bifida occulta – No herniation of spinal cord. May be seen only with a small tuft of hair.

  • Meningocele – Herniation of meningeal sac w/CSF, and is covered by skin.

  • Myelomeningocele – Herniation of meningeal sac w/CSF and Spinal cord. Exposed meninges

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Types of spina bifida - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Typesofspinabifida.jpg)

It's usually associated with Hydrocephaly or Chiari malformation. Its characteristic findings are the Lemon and Banana signs. It's managed with foetal surgery to close the opening, and is prevented by giving all pregnant women folic acid as early as possible.



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