Intussusception
This is where part of the bowel invaginates/telescopes in on itself. It commonly occurs at the ileo-caecal region, and its peak age of onset is 3 months – 2 years.
Risk factors:
Concurrent viral illness
Meckel’s diverticulum
Bowel polyps
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
CF
Presentation
Severe, colicky abdominal pain – Makes child irritable, drawing legs up
Redcurrant jelly stool
Pale, lethargic child
Bilious vomiting
Bowel obstruction – Absolute constipation, distension
O/E - Sausage-shaped mass in RUQ
Investigations
Ultrasound - shows Target sign
Contrast enema is the most specific for diagnosis, plus it has a therapeutic use
Management
Rectal air insufflation or contrast enemas - water or air is pumped into the colon to force the folded bowel to go back to its normal position
Surgery if non-medical options don’t work or complications occur
Complications
Bowel obstruction
Bowel perforation
Gangrenous bowel