Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

N.B. Most common cause of chronic joint pain in children.

This is a condition where there's autoimmune inflammation of joints lasting 6+ weeks in a patient < 16 years without any other cause. It presents with Joint pain, swelling and stiffness, and is associated with a Salmon-coloured pink rash and Vision loss.

Chronic Anterior Uveitis is an associated autoimmune condition seen with these patients.

Types

• Systemic JIA (Still’s disease) - Salmon-coloured pink rash

• Polyarticular JIA – Inflammation in 5+ joints

• Oligoarticular – Single joint, Anterior uveitis

• Enthesitis-related arthritis – Inflammation at point of muscle insertion

• Juvenile psoriatic arthritis - Psoriasis

Management

• Paediatric rheumatology, with MDT

• NSAIDs, Steroids, DMARDs, Biologics