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Visual Field Defects

Oculocutaneous Albinism - This is where there's a defect of melanin production in the eye. The iris appears red as it has no pigment, so light reflects off the retinal blood vessels.

“Eyes of a person with complete OCA1 (Albinism)” © Karen Grønskov, Jakob Ek, and Karen Brondum-Nielsen CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Retinoblastoma - This is a retinal tumour. It presents with a White eye reflex.

A child with a white eye reflection as a result of retinoblastoma. - J.Morley Smith (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rb_whiteeye.PNG)

Retinopathy of prematurity - This is where there's retinal damage, detachment and blindness. It's treated with laser therapy.


Congenital Cataracts - This is caused by congenital infections or metabolic defects. It presents with an Absent red reflex.

This photograph shows the cataracts in a child’s eyes due to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) - (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cataracts_due_to_Congenital_Rubella_Syndrome_(CRS)_PHIL_4284_lores.jpg)

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - An important complication of this is Chronic anterior uveitis.



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